Koonin, S. E. & Meredith, D. C., "Computational Physics - Fortran Version", Addison-Wesley, 1990. General Methods of computational physics mainly oriented toward quantum mechanics. (The older Basic version covers essentially the same material.)
Most of the books below are on reserve in Loomis.
W. R. Gibbs, "Computation in Modern Physics", World Scientific, 1994.
H. Gould and J. Tobochnik "Computer Simulation Methods Applications to Physical Systems. Vols.1 and 2", Addison Wesley, 1988.
H. Gould and J. Tobochnik "An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods", Addison Wesley, 1996.
"Computers in Physics", example of journal with many good, helpful articles.
Numerical Methods
W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, "Numerical Recipes, the Art of Scientific Computing". There are many versions. I am using the fortran version, 2nd Ed., Cambridge, 1992. This version is in the physics library on reserve.
Strang, G., Introduction to Applied Mathmatics", Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 1986.
Lanczos, C., "Applied Analysis", C.L. Prentice Hall, 1956. Also Dover reprint in paperback.
D. Knuth "The Art of Computer Programming Vol II, Seminumerical Algorithms", Addison-Wesley, 1981. A long discussion of random number generation. pgs 1-170.
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, "Handbook of Mathematical Functions", 1972, Dover. This standard reference to special functions also includes methods for computingspecial functions, a brief review of probability theory and random number generation.
Programming and Graphics
Dowd, K., "High Performance Computing", O'Reilly & Asociates, 1993. (paperback)
Kerrigan, J. F., "Migrating to Fortran 90", O'Reilly & Asociates, 1993. (paperback)
Handbook for Gnuplot - available as help or man pages on Unix workstations.
General Texts in Quantum Theory
Shankar, R., "Principles of Quantum Mechanics"
Messiah, A. , "Quantum Mechanics, Vol. I and II"
Feynman, R. , "Statistical Mechanics"
Ziman, J. M. , "Elements of Advanced Quantum Theory"
Baym, G., "Lectures on Quantum Mechanics"
Mahan, G., "Many-Particle Physics, 2nd Ed."
Tinkham, M., "Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics"
Solid State Theory
Ashcroft & Mermin, "Solid State Physics"
Kittel, C., "Introduction to Solid State Physics"
Kittel, C., "Quantum Theory of Solids"
Madelung, O., "Introduction to Solid State Theory"
Ziman, J. M., "Principles of the Theory of Solids"
Jones & March, "Theoretical Solid State Physics, vol. 1"
Callaway, J., "Quantum Theory of the Solid State"
Harrison, W., "Solid State Theory"
Texts and monographs on Electronic Structure
Slater, J., "Quantum Theory of Atoms, Molecules, and Solids"
Callaway, J., "Energy Band Theory"
Harrison, W., "Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids"
Lundquist, B. & March, N., "Theory of the Inhomogeneous Electron Gas"
Parr, R. G. & Yang, W., "Density Functional theory of Atoms and Molecules"
Hedin, L. & Lundquist, S., "Solid State Physics, Vol. 23, p. 1."
Haydock, R. & Heine, V. Several articles in "Solid State Physics, Vol. 35."
Monte Carlo Methods
M.P. Allen and D.J. Tildesley, "Computer Simulation of Liquids", Oxford, 1987. General introduction to classical molecular dynamics and monte carlo as applied to liquids.
M.H. Kalos and P.A. Whitlock, "Monte Carlo Methods, Vol I", Wiley, 1986. Probability, Sampling, Tricks, Metropolis, Green's Function Monte Carlo.
J.M. Hammersley and D.C. Handscomb, "Monte Carlo Methods", Chapman and Hall, 1964. Classic mongram on basic Monte Carlo methods.
B. L. Hammond, W. A. Lester, Jr. and P. J. Reynolds, "Monte Carlo Methods in Ab Intio Quantum Chemistry" World Scientific, 1994. (541.28015192) Detailed description of variational and diffusion Monte Carlo applied to small molecules.